I. End of Empire in World History
a.
20th century witnessed the demise of
many empires
i. Austrian
and Ottoman empires collapsed
b.
WWII ended the German and Japanese empires
c.
African and Asian movements for independence shared
nation self determination
d.
Powerful influence of United States in Latin
America
e.
Disintegration of Soviet Union in 1991
i. Birth
to new national states
II. African
and Asian Independence
a.
United States and Soviet Union (global
superpowers) opposed to older European colonial empires
b.
Colonies had integrated into a global economic
network
i. Local
elites largely committed to maintaining those links
c.
Europe wanted profitable economic interests in
Asian and Africa without the expense of trouble of a colonial government
d.
Leaders made political parties in all Asian and
Africa
i. Gandhi
in India
ii. Sukarno
in Indonesia
iii. Ho
Chi Minh in Vietnam
iv. Mandela
in South Africa
III.
Case of India
a.
British colonial rule promoted a growing sense
of Indian identity
b.
INC
i. Indian
national congress-1885
ii. Well
educated Indians with English backgrounds
1.
Lawyers
2.
Teachers
3.
Businessmen
iii. Did
not seek to overthrow British rule
iv. Hoped
to gain greater inclusion within the political military of British India
v. Had
difficulties gaining a mass following
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