I.
Global
Communism
a.
Marxism’s path to the future
i. Interpretations of the work of
nineteenth-century philosopher Karl Marx predicted a path to an egalitarian
future utopia
ii. Societies would industrialize under
capitalism, then see revolutions that would take them through socialism and on
to communism.
iii. This ideology was named after Marx,
although he discussed the nature of capitalism and its history rather than
spending much time thinking about the future.
b.
Communist revolutions in agrarian societies
i. Ironically, the revolutions that brought
about so-called Marxist regimes happened in pre-industrial agrarian societies
such as
1.
Russia
2.
China
3.
Korea
4.
Vietnam
5.
Cuba
ii. This went against the actual theories of
Karl Marx.
iii. These revolutions and a few others
established regimes that called themselves Marxist and communist.
c.
Communist parties outside of communist regimes
i. In Western Europe, the United States,
Southeast Asia, and elsewhere, there were communist parties that ran candidates
for elections
1.
They
were also part of the global communist movement.
d.
Internationalism
i. Communism was explicitly international
and antinationalist.
ii. Nationalists and communists remained
staunchly opposed political enemies in the twentieth century.
a.
Conflict among communist states
i. when communist parties came to power,
they began to act like typical states. Conflicts broke out between the USSR and
the states it treated like colonies in Eastern Europe and between the USSR and
the People’s
Republic of China.
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